vacation+work

Revolution in Russia: Liberalism to Communism 1. With liberal politics being too slow and holding back, the popular public looked to Lenin for a new source of political action – communism. a. March 1917, St. Petersburg, strikes and food riots were caused by war, food shortages, and incomplete rural reform. And the protestors called for a new political system as well.  i. Soviets were a council of workers and took over a city’s government b. ** Alexander Kerensky ** was a liberal who was eager to see reformation, but could not enact changes due not having a stable governmental foundation as well as liberalism not having been rooted deeply into Russia.  i. They held back on land reforms, respecting current land owners  ii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Didn’t want to rush into social change w/o political stability <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> iii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Slowness + holding back led to revolution that expelled the liberal party away from the government. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">After the revolution, the Bolshevik wing of the social Democratic party renamed itself to communists. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Also the fact that the ending of the War also helped bolster Lenin’s position <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> ii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">He also added on the council of People’s Commissars – which held control of soviets across the country- and he shut down the parliament and replaced it with a Bolshevik congress. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">2. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Stabilization of Russia’s communist Regime: In order to stabilize the Soviet Union, the Bolshevik government enacted reforms in governmental policies, economic policies, and military policies. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The ** Red Army **was being redirected into leadership by ** Leon Trotsky ** who recruited able generals and loyal conscripts. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">This military act would give people more inspiration to head on and allow for people to head into greater heights in the name to end prejudice and injustice. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Economically, Lenin created the ** New Economic Policy ** which gave freedom of action to small business owners and peasant landowners. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Production began to rise, and surpluses made the government more durable. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">A new capital was formed, Moscow, and the federal system was to be named the ** union of soviet Socialist Republics ** <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">And the government was held control by distinctly Russian elites, but the multinational representation of the Soviet union was also present. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">d. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Elections were prohibited, and the ** Supreme Soviets ** were to be controlled by the central executives. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">3. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Soviet Experimentation: A host of new groups were able to find a voice in which helped liven up the Soviet expansion. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">One key movement was the rapid spread of education that pushed literacy to gain ground, reshaping the culture away from religious, traditional teachings, but to politics and science. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">And after Lenin had died, ** Stalin ** took his place as head marshall of the Soviets, representing a stronger nationalistic version of communism. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">He pushed for western expansion of communism and created the Communist International office to spill over his politics. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Stalin also proposed ** collectivization, **which took peasant controlled system under control of the government in one monopolistic attempt. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">1. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Stalinism in the Soviet Union <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Stalin’s objective as the supreme marshal was to make the Soviet Union completely industrial and to control business under the state. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">2. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Economic Policies: Stalin was absolutely for the consolidation of peasant controlled farms by the State took the initiative to bolster that plan. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In 1928, he started the Collectivization program to create large state run farms rather than private owned farms. It meant more efficient mechanization as well as being able to formally control the Peasants for political reasons. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The peasant class resolved the program with two distinct voices. <span style="margin-left: 1.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">One, whose population was mostly resentful of the Kulak wealth appreciated the effort and went for it. <span style="margin-left: 1.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> ii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The other was the wealthier class who resented their property being taken away. <span style="margin-left: 1.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> iii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Famine induced because Stalin had destroyed the Kulak’s property and sent most of them by the millions to Siberia. <span style="margin-left: 1.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> iv. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">But resistance went down drastically and allowed for opportunities to arise in which to increase production. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The collectivization program though still allowed for the peasants to control their own farm lands, but created an atmosphere of factorylike rigidness within the country, for the increasing demand of labor than most industrialized countries. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">d. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In addition to consolidation, Stalin approached the agricultural system with a five-year-plan in which was to set clear priorities including expected output as well as construction of massive factories in metallurgy, mining, and electric power for industrialization. <span style="margin-left: 1.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">It worked. Twice. And became the third industrial power. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">3. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Toward an Industrial Society: <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In order to provide a strong program for rapid involvement by Stalin, the Soviet Union used force to change the nation into being industrial <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Increasing numbers of urban populations rose, factory discipline was strict. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">But there were also incentives for good participation, including vacations, bonuses, and a network of welfare services. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">4. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Totalitarian Rule: There were still many programs with a dictatorial rule, in which caused distressed in some areas of the nation. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">With control over intellectual life, Stalin and his associates indentified with ** Socialist Realism ** to emphasize the idealization of workers, soldiers, and peasants. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">They also controlled sciences, and persecuted many free-thinking scientists. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">He monopolized power using party and state control, taking down rivaling thinking and sent rival party thinkers to Siberian labor camps. <span style="margin-left: 1.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.75in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Stalin’s purges although was to concentrate the country’s effort in one direction, ultimately sent problems with foreign policies and diplomatic relationships. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">1. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Soviet union as Superpower: Heralded by the desire to increase political boundaries and European diplomacy, the Soviet union used its powers to occupy and set up the system to attack governmental control of territories. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Pushing westwards, the SU took hold of buffer regions to protect itself from the invading Germany, as well as caliing island territories in the north pacific from invading the Japanese. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">They also took hold of North Korea in the attempt to form a protectorate with America and spread the communist influence. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Because the SU enhanced its military might and technique and had created their own hydrogen and atomic bombs, they were named one of the superpowers of the world. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">2. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe: The SU developed greater influence within Eastern Europe and produced greater structures to progandize the effects of communist control. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">With trade and cultural missions after World War II, Eastern Europe was foreignly influenced by the SU, in order to grip the West. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Soviet Army were the dominant force in repelling german troops back during WWII and reoccupied different lands. They alongside with communist movments, forced out non-communists and created a atmosphere of communist enlightenment. – All except Greece- <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> ii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">They also attacked potential rivals such as the Roman Catholic Church. Or NATO. It was all to protect their regimes and cause. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> iii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The ** Berlin Wall ** was created in keep their people out. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In the mid 20th century though commuinist control became more loose, and in Poland, accepted more popular polish leader than a foreign leader, and was allowed to halt collectivization, but still remained communist. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">And although control relaxed a little, monopolization of military and party politics remained essential to the survival as well as the possession of great economic power. Their military might within the state was also prevalent in reducing oputurnities of another German uprising. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">3. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Evolution of Domestic policies: With the continued cold war conflict, the SU responded by altering domestic control and behaviors. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">To shield the SU from extensive contacts, the SU focused on rebuilding the economic infrastructure rather than anything else because of postwar damages. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">This resulted in strict travel, media, and culture. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Political structure also still emphasized central control, and took new direction with education, welfare, and policing. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Only 6% of the population could rise to party politics because of the desire for strong candidates. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">4. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The new soviet culture sought to reform traditional and religious beliefs and institutions for more approach on politics and sciences, therefore they attacked the orthodox church in order to maintain a Marxists vitality. <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The church did not get destroyed but was limited, for example was not to give religious instruction to anyone under the age of 18. They also limited freedom of Jewish religion. Muslims though were given greater everage. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> ii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">They attacked western culture of arts and literature because of their value of materialism. They were also monitored closely therefore domestic suffering would not emanate out to discourage a popular public. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> iii. ** <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Alexsandr Solzhenitsn **<span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> was one of those people exiled to the United States for exposing popular truth in the SU for being too boring and tiresome and disapproving. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In the end, the SU sought to build a culture that would enhance the building of a socialist society. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">5. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Economy and Society: The SU became a finally Industrial nation by the 1950’s and more than 50% of the totals were in development. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The SU though were slow in providing functions for consumer goods – which would be the reason for public dissatisfaction – for it focused itself more on armament building as well as heavy manufacturing for development. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In addition the further economy status focused on welfare systems for a satisfactory governmental communist controlled society. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Industrialization worked labor to rival the west. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">1. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Work rhythms were introduced to speed up pace. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">2. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Incentives were given (vacations) <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Also families were relatively small and unwanted. With birth rates dropping and death rates dropping, childrearing was manageable and focused on education rather than work. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In addition women weren’t allowed the same features that they possessed in the West <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">6. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">De-stalinizaation <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Critics believed that Stalin’s rule was too dictatorial, that the government was too controlling and very depressing. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Arrests, labor camps, one man rule, executions <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">With Stalin gone ** Nikita Khrushchev **took control and condemned Stalin for his politics. He also introduced a more tolerant society, allowed decentralization, as well as raising issues which could be dubbed to be rebellious. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Cold War policies eased out, but Nikita still retained the SU’s pride in trying to outdo the west. Being more aggressive, he enacted the Cuban missile program as well as raced against the US in the space race and the arms race. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">d. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">There were many other foreign policy programs such as the rise of Muslim awareness and invasion of Afghan to spread further influence. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">e. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Also workers found it dissenting to not have anything to work for (consumer goods) and crime rates rose. In the end Stalinization in the long run led to the fall of the SU. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Asdas <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">1. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Explosion of the 1980’s and 1990’s: With industrial production decreasing, as well as increased health problems, as worker’s morale, low resources, and national income, it was obvious to the government that the SU needed reform. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">2. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Age of Reform: <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">f. ** <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Mikhail Gorbachev **<span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> replaced old line party politics and in a young more modern approach, he adopted poeness. Participating in active debates as well as negotiating agreements, he ended the war in Afghan as well as promoted ** glasnost ** which opened up the government actions to criticization by the public <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Questions were aimed at whether the new leader would be able to embrace the new culture and stability without disrupting reform. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">g. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In addition Mikhail also adopted ** perestroika ** which gave more leeway to private businesses, and decentralized the state’s possession of collective businesses. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">h. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">He also reduced armanents, and encouraged new constitution and giving power to the parliament. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Even gender equality was given rights under the new tsar. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">7. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Dismantling the Soviet Empire <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">With Mikhail’s politics and other nations from Eastern Europe wanting freedom, the SU allowed for pushed reformation as well as internal reforms. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Bulgaria moved for liberation in 1987, Hungary in 1988. And the SU renamed itself socialist not communist.Poland in 1988, East Germany in 1989, <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Gorbechev allowed for nations to be free of the SU grasp and with the social deconstruction of the government in both the SU and in empirical SU, the fall of the SE was eminent. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">8. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Renewed turmoil in the 1990’s <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Rebellions had risen up again in 1991, massive popular protests vied for democratic government. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Gorbechev government lost power, and instead, the Russian republic became stronger.And in the end of 1991, Russia’s republic including ** Boris Yeltsin ** ended the Soviet Union. And in the end formed the Commonwealth of Independent states. The economy was falling, civil war broke out, terrorist acts fed off of each other, until Vladimir Putin came into power who wished to clean up Russia. He was democratic and many Russians agreed with him to voice their concerns. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">9. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Toward Revolution in China <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Chinese were willing to reform their own country, but under pressure from foreign nations, they were often powerless. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">After the fall of the Qing dynasty, power was opened up to regional warlords as well as students and foreign powers. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. ** <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Yuan Shikai **<span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> wished to seize the throne and with the help of merchants for their wealth helped with ascension. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> ii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">University students and teaher wished to rebuild Chinese civilization b shaping political force in order to restore china. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> iii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Japanese however were always there to control China <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">10. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">China’s May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Sun Yat-sen was the head of the Revolutionary Alliance (anti-qing groups) Eventually Sun resigned to allow Yuan Shikai the presidential seat. For he had the best chance to unify china under a single government. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">And when he was found out and exposed for corruption, Yuan further crippled China’s attempt at reforming <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Japanese had then taken control of pacific islands in the coast of China and tried to establish permanent resident there as well. They presented China with 21 demands, which was ignored until later. Yuan was then ousted and in 1916 a free-for-all struggle for the control of china took place. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">A Movement to avert the impending criss then took place on May 4th to include mass boycotts against the Japanese aggression. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> ii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">It aimed at transforming China into a liberal demo. It was apparent that China needed radical reforms with the poor populations dying and peasent class barely living on in the disrupted civilization. Thus china took on a Marxist approach <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">One of the most influential thinkers had been ** Li Dazhao ** who saw need for change in the urban class. And later on he inspired ** Mao Zedong ** to work with him in reorganizing china. They believed in authoritarian state, and committed to social reform. And in 1921 the communist party of china was born. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">11. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Seizure of Power by China’s Guomindang <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The ** Guomindang ** or the nationalist party was led by Sun, and unified diverse political organizations. They stressed the need for unification, but in the end there was no act on domestic programs. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">And when they asked the Soviets for help the ** Whampoa Military Academy **was formed that gave nationalists military command whose head ** Chiang Kai-shek ** had powerful connections in the underworld – who wished to overthrow the government- <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">12. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Mao and the Peasant option <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Chiang soon became president and head of China under military seizures of key areas, and quickly he turned against the communists. Brutally massacring the communist stronghold with the help of the US had pushed the communist leadership onto Mao zeDong, and exiled him and his companions of 90000 to the northwest, known as the ** Long March ** <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">13. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Mao’s China and Beyond <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">With the help of the Japanese the communist party was able to oust the guodongmeng from the head position and take back China in an attempt to reform it properly. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Chiang’s military attacks against Japan eventually failed therefore leading to ruining his own image and losing territory in which was essential to his rule, which allowed for the communist party to take back control. And by 1949, with Chiang gone, the ** People’s Republic of china ** was created <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The difference now between the nationalist and the communist party was that the communist had a purpose and were well rewarded for their actions. They were going to change the corruption that was apparent in the chiang control. And with ** Liu Biao ** and other commanders, Mao forcibly took back China. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">14. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Communists come to Power <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The strong organization was deeply rooted in party cadres and the ** People’s Liberation Army ** which had continued to be loyal no matter what to surpass military commitments. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">And because of the deep roots, China was able to move east and expand into Mongolia and Tibet, and Korea. China became increasingly involved in communist efforts foriegnly. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">15. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Planning for Economic Growth and Social Justice <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The first and primary part of the communist’s purpose was to enact rural reforms to secure peace in the peasant class. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">And at least 3 million people of the landlord classes were executed and lands were redistributed. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> ii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Communists also attempted to industrialize China, pushing forward with Stalin’s 5-year plan and centralization. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> iii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In addition Mao and his supporters pushed the ** Mass **Line by becoming farming collectives taking control of 90% of the population to secure economic growth. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> iv. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In the end, the critics of the communist plan were taken out in public and deeply embedded into Mao the seeds of betrayal for striking with demotinos, prison sentences and banishment <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">16. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The Great Leap Backwards <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In the project the ** Great Leap Forward ** to push industrialization in small scale project had produced a backwards result. Mao did not wish for industrial programs which would result in capitalism, but rather used backwards industrialization. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">This program was an economic disaster, with the resistances and the pushing away from agricultural, had caused China money to purchase food in which they did not have. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">And most advances turn out to be blunders as leaders were being too inefficient, by 1960, the great leap was ended and Mao was demoted. And others including ** Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqui, and Deng Xiaping ** came into power. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">17. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Women hold Up Half of the Heavens <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. ** <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Jiang Qing **<span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">, Mao’s wife has the key leader in women reforms. It put an end to footbinding as well as winning legal rights for women as well as educational and carrer oppurtunities. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Women served as teachers, nurses, spies and etc. and other support roles, they were still asked to become soldiers. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Women had gained power and occupied most of the middle class and lower class ranks, but within the higher elites, women still fell short. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">18. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Mao’s Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">a. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Mao launched a last offensive against he capitalist in the party through the ** Cultural Revolution ** in which with the ** Red Guard ** imprisoned and killed his political rivals. Students and protestors pulled down bueracrats risen against those who hated the people. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">b. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">It was an attempt to assault anyone and everyone who recognized themselves as pro western or elite <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> i. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">The campaign was called off in 1968. <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> ii. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">And the Gang of Four surfaced again. <span style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; display: block; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;"> <span style="border: none; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">c. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">They specialized in foreign diplomacy (with the US) and tried to take over the government. They were anti-communist, opening China up to western influence and capitalist development. <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">In depth Questions: · <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">What Internal and external force weakened governments in Mexico and china and unleashed the forces of rev? o <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">Rural discontent was major, the political backing of the rural majority was essential to proper military prowess. As well as attacks on the elite ruling class and big landowners who were often increasing taxes. And eventually Asian and Mexican students wanted to fight their way back and take control of their lives and dignity and jobs. o <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">For students, they were deeply committed to protest. Urban laborers were enraged. And key envisionaries all sought ideologies to enhance the peasant class rather than allow them to suffer. <span style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; display: block; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;"> <span style="border: none; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;"> o <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">And what each of these revolutions had in common were that there was discontent within the rural majority and there was a group to come and save their jobs and lives through communist reformation against the large elite classes. <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Leader Analysis Sheet <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Joseph Stalin <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> || <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953 <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> || <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Title: <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Marshall of the Soviet Union <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> || <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Soviet Union <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> || <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Years in Power <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">6 May 1941 – 5 March 1953 <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> || <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Taking over after Lenin, whose policies were varied and possessed very few successful operations. <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">It was POSTWAR where many citizens were disarrayed and wish to come back home, yet had to still suffer to the postwar depression and poverty. <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">And most importantly the seeds of communist fervor were planted and were to still rise up. || <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Modernize the military <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">New Economic plan to end poverty and injustice in the peasant class due to high class landowners <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">To support communism around the Soviet union <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Stronger nationalist communism
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Name of Leader: <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Lifespan <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Country/region: <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power: <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ideology, Motivation, Goals:

|| <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Five Year plan to create new factories and industrial powers <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Formation of the Comintern <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Starting the Collectivization program <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Persecuting kulaks <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Berlin Wall <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Expansionism into Eastern Europe <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Significant Actions & events During Term of Power:

<span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> || <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Communist fervor <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Purged of capitalist controllers <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Economic relief <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Expansion <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hatred towards religious and traditionalism <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> |||| <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Long-Term Effects: <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- resentment by kulaks <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">-rigid factory like- industrialized setting <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">- Russia was an industrialized nation <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #d9d9d9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Short-Term effects: <span style="color: black; font-family: Garamond,serif; font-size: 12pt;">

|| <span style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; display: block; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;"> <span style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"> <span style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Analyze the changes and continuities in Russian political structure from 1914 to the present <span style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Analyze the changes in Russian Society from 1914 to the present <span style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; display: block; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;"> <span style="border: none; line-height: 10.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Analyze the changes and continuities in Chinese politics from 1914 to the present <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Analyze the changes in Chinese Society from 1914 to the present <span style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; display: block; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;"> · Leader Analysis Sheet <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Title: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Chairman of the Communist Party  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">China || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Years in Power <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt;">March 20, 1943 – September 9, 1976 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Nationalist party was in power, with Chiang and his military disruption of the rural majority in disarray. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Also Japanese attacks and invasion hit upon Chinese coast and Mao’s guerilla fighters were key to fighting back <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Civil war between the nationalist party and Communist party subsided to fight back Japanese troops <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">90% of the rural majority were impoverished <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">To sustain communist power in order to fight back impoverished peasants. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">To reform Chinese civilization through unification and changing the social stratosphere <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">To use working political ideaologies and return China to power <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Great Leap Forwards <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cultural Revolution <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Collectivization <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Mass Line <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Liberation Army || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sustained power in China <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Decreased economic power <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Caused short famine <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Secluded party politics and rivals through the red guard <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Long-Term Effects <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Knocked back Nationalist party <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Defended against Japan <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Vied for aid through Russia and remained communist || <span style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; display: block; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;"> <span style="border: none; line-height: 12.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Democratic Protest and Repression in China ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; font-weight: normal;">1989 June 4 protest against communist one party rule. Military caused deaths. ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; font-weight: normal;">Li Peng opposes the strike on two levels, emotional – father-like level, where he feels the hurt of his people and wishes for them to stop, and because he is simply communist and cares about the impoverished rural civilians who are in imminent danger rather than concede to capitalist “persons using hunger strikes as hostages”. And much like most political arguments, Li Peng uses nationalism in his voice as :our government is the people’s government” therefore this communist government will support its people, rather than let it see them suffer. And in regards to the communist and traditional arguments, Li Peng uses old confucianist family values of the fatherhood figure to appeal to his children, as well as the communist angle to appeal to the multitudes of endangered citizens. ** <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">HANDWRITTEN ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">9. Essay 1: Compare 20th Century political developments in China and Russia. ** <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">
 * <span style="color: black; line-height: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Under post-world war I and rural poverty Russia reformed its liberal politics to the greater communist party, only for it in the end to fall apart to majority discontent and reformed into a more viable capitalist democracy from 1914 to present day. Yet what furthermore remained continuous was the active power of one centralized ruler.
 * <span style="color: black; line-height: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Russian society in 1914 had been impoverished and dissatisfactory within the rural majority, under the oppression of wealthy Kulaks, but by 1980 Russian society had turned into nothing but dull and dissatisfactory, because of the indecent rise of pure industrialization rather than consumerism.
 * <span style="color: black; line-height: 12.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Much like Russia, China had been distinctly nationalistic at first, yet under rural conditions revised itself to communist control, and then back to democratic-socialist order. But what remained effectively the same throughout was the participation of the intellectuals in political revision and military influence.
 * <span style="border: none; color: black; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: -.25in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In 1914, Chinese activists were scurried and disarrayed with the conbogulation of Japanese, intellectual, and military influence, and to present day, society has stabilize, creating larger capitalist industries and working agricultural fields.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Name of Leader: Mao Zedong
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Lifespan
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Country/region:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Short-Term effects:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">  ||


 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">10. Essay 2: Compare and Contrast 20th Social developments in China and Russia. Be sure to discuss the changing roles of women **

Thesis Statement: <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">

Topic Sentence #1: (Must indicate what you will be comparing/contrasting) Evidence of Topic Sentence that relates to thesis Direct Comparison(s) that supports your topic sentence Analysis of Direct Comparison

Topic Sentence #2: Evidence of Topic Sentence that relates to thesis Direct Comparison(s) that supports your topic sentence Analysis of Direct Comparison

Topic Sentence #3: Evidence of Topic Sentence that relates to thesis Direct Comparison(s) that supports your topic sentence Analysis of Direct Comparison <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> <span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;">