Early+Modern+Day

The Early modern Period, 1450-1750: The World Shrinks

The large sailing ships from Europe to the Americas represent the great exploration Age, which came to cultivate the growth of not only modern day America, but also opened a source of dominance in economic/political expansion for European societies over their rivals, the Middle-East. Plus without ships, without navigation on waters, or the advancement on guns, cannons, or gunpowder, trade would not have been so prominent. And international relationships were starting to become an important part of modern day periods.


 * 1) The World Map Changes
 * 2) New empires starting to come into play, taking over small kingdoms.
 * 3) European countries start imperializing foreign countries.
 * 4) Trade routes travelled from the eastern asian countries to the wester european countries.
 * 5) Then the Americas and the Pacific ocean was coming into play with the larger picture.
 * 6) Trigger for Change
 * 7) Revival for Empirical construction.
 * 8) Ottoman turks > Constantinople > Byzantine Territories.== Muslims taking over Christian Kingdoms
 * 9) As a result, Europeans explored the Atlantic Coast of Africa in order to get to China
 * 10) Military Technology == guns + gunpowder > new empires in Africa, Japan, Europe.
 * 11) turret loaded ships and guns.
 * 12) The Big Changes
 * 13) The forging of a new global economy
 * 14) new biological exchanges of food, animals, and people
 * 15) the emergences of new large empires on guns and gunnery.
 * 16) A New Global Economy
 * 17) International Trade +
 * 18) exposing new regions to international influences
 * 19) Biological Exchange
 * 20) Food ex. corn + potatoes > Asia + Europe.
 * 21) new food = more people
 * 22) Europeans = disease in America > African labor exchange.
 * 23) horse changed life in America
 * 24) New Empires
 * 25) empires = large political units + money + military
 * 26) India, Mid. East, SE Europe. Russia
 * 27) Western Europe expanded greatly
 * 28) Russia gained power
 * 29) Systems of inequalities started to show up.
 * 30) Europe = more rich + more powerful
 * 31) Continuity
 * 32) Some trading routes remained
 * 33) Societies tried to keep traditional culture
 * 34) Spread of world religions
 * 35) gender relations > men were better of use than women.
 * 36) no technological breakthrough
 * 37) Impact on Daily Life: Work:
 * 38) Chinese currency was to be paid in silver taels = more poverty
 * 39) Indians in America died by thousands b/c of diseases.
 * 40) To work harder, population growth = more people to work = more people to feed = more people to sustain family
 * 41) Child labor as affect of ^
 * 42) Trends and Societies in the Early Modern Period
 * 43) trading oppurtunities = relation to Americas
 * 44) Latin America from Europe

Causation and the West's Expansion First of all, I want to address the issue of singularity in the choice of causation. Surely anything can be a plausible determinism in social change, limiting it to one category might cause one-sided ideas. But if I were to choose a single determinism, I would believe that it's the cultural impact that causes most social change. And Cultural change can come from the geography of the place, meaning if one were to live in a place such as Russia, where it would be cold, then interactions would be limited but military advantages would become great and developed because of the natural need to protect the already scarce food in the winter climate. Same goes for the begginings of Islam, and tribal warfare during pre-islamic ages. And going forward to colonial expansion, some ways the ambitions of the western europeans such as gaining more wealth easily sprung up the slave trade. And their role of being a powerful nation would cause them to develop strong relations with militaristic campaigns and acquisition of natural resources. And even the corrupt practice of most european powers could cause minor discrepancy in determining real motives. Technology b/c of economic change b/c w/o the deveoopment of slave trade -> changes = expansionist ideals b/c social change in land and w/ inventions people were allowed to expand their areas geographically .and interact with other social groups.

Guns Germs and Steel Notes: 8D


 * 1) Pizzaro, Francesco
 * 2) white men = threat to natural diasters of human kind
 * 3) central america = spanish
 * 4) a third of mainland europe
 * 5) spain = individual state b/c of fights with islams
 * 6) conquistadors =
 * 7) the shock of gunpowder would have caused the riots to hqalt, the incas would have been scared. and althoght the inca had 80,000 warriors, and thespaniards had only 100, it was easy to say that the incas were scared of the new weapons.
 * 8) advancement in sword/ rapier _+ driks _ warriorship was a the culture of the
 * 9) the develpoment of writing aws a technological advacnemnt in the determinism culture of the Incas and of the europeans
 * 10) America was north to tsouth, and the europeans and chiese were from west to east
 * g
 * 1) spread of smallpox has spread and has taken over most f the epidemia of Central America and reached the inca empire which helped to destory the population at least by a half making more surprising and shocking to destory