Kanye+West

Rationale: The West, in the times when America was not discovered, was only Europe, because back when there was only Eurasia and Africa, west meant west, the mid-east meant the middle, and the east meant Asia. It was probably not as clear a dividing point, but there was location. And as history later progressed and America was added into the cast, America then started to become the "west", because of European colonization. The West was often considered by international agents to have came from Europe, therefore any appeal to European influence would be called "westernization"


 * 1) The Roaring Twenties
 * 2) Consumerism changes roles of women, while Japan and America go under political and economic tension, and authoritarian movements surfaced in Europe and Italy.
 * 3) Bouncing Back?
 * 4) Although the World War incurred great amount of deaths, the middle class was becoming stronger, regaining different attitudes and customs to accomodate the newer post-war culture
 * 5) The cubist movement described the artistic spirit still circulating around with literature and music that helped deal with the tragedies of post-war realization
 * 6) Science was still a big deal, the movements into physics started to be defined and building
 * 7) Consumerism to started to change the roles of women and the way the economy worked
 * 8) In Germany woman had the right to vote
 * 9) And although some parts recovered, others were still fractured, such as the argricultural and mining sectors And political extremism was building up as well.
 * 10) Other Industrial Centers
 * 11) Besides America and Europe, other countries participated in the World War and because of that new cultural iniatives popped up.
 * 12) Some countries such as Canada, New Zealand, and Austrailia recieved rewards for assistance, such as liberation of control.
 * 13) and within these economic centers, fundamental changes started to revise the new 20th century industrial functions, such as organization and how to create stronger output (converyors, music, managers)
 * 14) And America went into isolationism (starting with rejection of Versaille) -> dominant economic system
 * 15) Along with Japan where industrailization increased enough to dub Japan an economic power over Europe + led to gorwing involvement in China and mlitary traditionalism
 * 16) New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism
 * 17) Fascism: agressive nationalistic policies - attempted to repalce capitalism and socialism
 * 18) Benito Mussolini first formed the Fascia de comattimento in Italy building a strong state by a strong leader. it was created first because of the need for authoritarian leadership over profit seeking and socialist class struggles.
 * 19) Because Italy gained very little land post war, they felt like they were not getting anywhere and decided a strong leadership role was better than indecisive democracy.
 * 20) And once in power, Mussolini got rid of any opposition,creating power struggles on parliamentary rule.
 * 21) The New Nations of East Central Europe
 * 22) New Countries were given their independence by colonial powers, and as a result most of the commonalities associated was seen in government, where governments started as westerinized parliaments,
 * 23) This then turned into authoritinism due to rising crisis with the economy and intense greviances, leading Poland to dictatorship, and Yugoslavia to monarchy.
 * 24) And a lot of these nations attempted to supress peasent movements such as hunger, land, porverty, and illiteracy.
 * 25) A Balance Sheet
 * 26) Europe was shifting. The once huge powerful overlords soon saw a decreased in territory owned and underwent great ecnomic and social changes and democracy was starting to become challenged. The United States became isolationists, and the Japanese were gaining economic prominence.
 * 27) A Global Great Depression
 * 28) Although the GD was most prominent in the West, they impacted other regions as well, and no country suceeded in ending the crisis.
 * 29) Causation
 * 30) Overproduction of Food.
 * 31) Borrowing too much.
 * 32) lowered salaries.
 * 33) postwar inflation.
 * 34) African and Latin colonies were being used far too much and over produced therefore losing a lot of profit and losing business.
 * 35) Overproduction -> no money coming in -> nothing being imported -> other countries get no money -> GD
 * 36) Protectionism weakened global construct + nationalism led to one country not distributing money around = bad.
 * 37) The Debacle
 * 38) 1929 Stock Market Crashed > Banks lost money > US liked to loan > Europe was loaning
 * 39) investment funds went blank as creditors pulled back.
 * 40) falling production + unemployment + underpaid led to more and more people not being able to buy the things they want and led to companies losing money
 * 41) blue collar unemployment = 1/3rd
 * 42) students got jobs that were demeaning and or unstaisfactory - spirits decreased, no body wanted to live through the pain.
 * 43) Some blamed democracy for the disruption + in partnership with the WW the effect was led to greater dissatisfaction.
 * 44) But also led to escapist culture, movies, boooks, change in system
 * 45) Responses to the Depression
 * 46) increased tarriffs > raise in prices > reduce imports > no money out = no money in.
 * 47) Class conflicts rose btw wealthy + politicians + lower class
 * 48) France: political extremism, socialism and communism rose > Popular Front for social reform but didn't work b/c of conservative pressures
 * 49) The New Deal
 * 50) Herbert Hoover: higher tarriffs, cut spending - revenues - faster payments of debt
 * 51) unemployment jobs in public services
 * 52) social security protected the poor/ unemployed
 * 53) Government Growth. The New Deal restored some people's confidence in the government to overturn this crisis.
 * 54) The Authoritarian Response
 * 55) Coutnries succumb to totalitarian dictaor like ships and expressed too much power
 * 56) The Rise of Nazism
 * 57) depression led to facism
 * 58) germany blamed for cause of WWI
 * 59) attacked weakness of parlliamentary democracy and corruption and class conflict thus wanted vigrous foriegn and military power.
 * 60) Hitler promised many people a return to traditional values - attacked new culture and jewish people. + fight depression
 * 61) The Spread of Facism and the Spanish Civil War
 * 62) Nazi in Germany -> facism growth in Europe
 * 63) Fascism had spread into Italy, taking more bold initiatives and into Spain causing hte Spanish Civil War
 * 64) Authoritarian and totalitarian government had started to emerge as a promoinent source of governmental rule.
 * 65) Economic and Political Change in Latin America
 * 66) A Middle class started to emerge in Latino Americano -> industrailization
 * 67) Latin America was on its way to nowhere -> democracy being attacked
 * 68) needed to be reformed, socialist and communist parties being formed to attack poverty + landless + destitute populations

Page 709 - 721 (Take Notes as Needed)


 * 1) Old and New Causes of a Second World War


 * Read chapter 31p.732 - 750**
 * **What were the major effects of decolonization post WWII on Europe?**
 * **Some of the major effects of decolonization on Europe was the loss of power. Their past dominance in the political game had been downgraded after accomodating the many colonies who threatened to go to war. In fact they became so powerless that the United States and the Soviet union started to take over as world powers.**
 * **And in focus of that effect, some European countries attempted to still maintain power thereby leading to some of the most extreme wars out there, for example the Vietnam and Korea. With nationalistic movement growing within these integral colonies, it sparked war as european nations attempted to keep them**
 * How did the Cold War divide Europe? What were the implications of this division?
 * There was divide in two sectors.
 * One in actual Europe itself: where Russia, after the World War, was able to associate itself with the eastern nations in the name of communism. On the other hand, America and democracy took control of the western bloc, which boundaries consisted of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Builgaria, romania, and Hungary.
 * And because of this divide in territory and the Soviet's main dominance in Eastern Europe, the United States felt less compelled to allow the soveits to start taking over. Thus the Marshall plan was formed to buffer nations coming into attack by soviet pressures.
 * The cold war created two rivalling military allegiances, NATO who grouped western european nations and the Warsaw Pact for the eastern nations. The Cold war brought on new foreign policies, new interventionist methods, and a new understanding of politics, splitting effectively half of Europe.
 * Why did European governments move towards Liberal Democracies?
 * The European Government wasn't as spread out as it usually was. There was some sort of uniformity, and democracy within each country, who felt as though they did not need authoritarian government because of undsired results, and turned more towards consistent democracy (Spain + Portugal).It was an attempt to buffer us the Federal Republic of Germany and encouraged the nations around to keep from being like Germany
 * What was the welfare state? Why did they develop? what were the issues?
 * A Welfare State is a governmental policy to accomodate its poorest people in the most need with money and funds to survive. And it started to develop in the West because of post-war economy and new activism. Unemployment insurance, medical care, all these state-run programs were being provided by welfare, therefore it was expensive to keep. 25% of France's GNP was going to welfare at the time. And the expenses as well as reliability started to stagger.
 * Trace growing diplomatic relationships within Europe
 * Christian Democratic movement hated nazism, and worked to prevent the same criss from happening all over again.
 * The formation of NATO and it's mission to prevent WWII from happening all over again
 * Also the European League was formed consisting of West Germany France Italy Belgium Luxembourg and the Ntherlands to create a single economic entitity.It was an attempt to spur funds into the economy and take away from taxes. -> it didn't lead to singular uniformity. There were still debates between member nations. 1980 - trade + currency uniform. 1992 - economic unity, one currency. 2001 - expanded into Western Europe. 2005- nine other nations joined.
 * Outline economic development in Europe
 * Welfare state helped lead to greater paychecks, and encouraged consumerism, and because of the growing economic funds, the political and diplomatic systems were able to succeed as well.
 * 1950- agricultural expansion in peasant farming met european standards and exceeded to export. consumer products (cars) supported growing factories. growth of GNP increased. Leisure companies grew and expanded as well. And as factory workers started to drop, specialized jobs started to grow.
 * The lead into consumer goods + backed up population growth and the standards on comsumer goods increased.
 * But by 1990, the ecnomic development started t o slow down and the vitality of the economic process started to decrease.
 * Outline the post war development of the non-European West (Excluding the United States)
 * Canada: Support for welfare policies + closing of border to United States's expansion. Economic integration w/ US continued + free trade agreement with European Union
 * New Canadian constitution provided greater voice + independence to its people
 * In Aujstralia and New Zealand, they provided asian nations with natural resources and tried t o dsitance themselves away from US foreign policies as well as getting GB to align itself with developments in the Pacific.
 * Both nations were seeing emigration accounting for many immigrants spreading inside their spheres of influence.
 * Explain the growing role of the United States in world affairs
 * The United States wanted to buffer it's effort in preventing Communism from spreading further into undeveloped nd developed countries. It took an alliegiance to help prevent those in violent affairs with minority or any coutnry.
 * They also expanded militaristically, devleoping spy technology as well as a defense department in 1947. And as a result of their initiatives they tried to prevent Communism from spreading (Korean War).
 * Plus one can see the United States doing their best in pushing back communist fervors in an attempt to end it through violence and frenzied behavior. In addition, the US containment policy was a violent effort to disrupt communist flow within a nation (Vietnam) and was proven to be heavily militaristic in the attempt to contain.
 * Plus through the development of military technologies, the US was finally able to push the Soviet Union back into collapse.