The+World+Economy


 * 1) The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
 * 2) Soon the ocean started to become navigated by growing ships from Britain, France and Holland as well as the leaders, Spain and Portuguese.
 * 3) Mongols has helped spurred European interests in trading luxury goods with the Chinese.
 * 4) goods were transported to the Middle East in Arab ships, loaded again and headed out to Genoa and Venice
 * 5) Although there was some fear in travelling too much, b/c of the belief that the Earth is flat
 * 6) 1291, Europeans expanded trade, but were in fear of not being able to pay for Chinese imports
 * 7) expeditions were limited to oar-propelled ships which could not travel too far.
 * 8) New Technology: A Key to Power
 * 9) New tech provided a better way towards power
 * 10) deep-draft, round hulled sailing ships
 * 11) improving compass navigation
 * 12) use of explosives + gunnery and metalwork for weaponry
 * 13) The west w/ new technology was able to present itself as a strong miltary force over all the other civilizations
 * 14) Portugal and Spain lead the Pack
 * 15) b/c the potuguese were excited for discovery and had a strong dsire for wealth, they were the first to send Henry the Navigator to explore the west coast of Africa in 1434, which brought back slaves, spices, and gold.
 * 16) **Cape of Good Hope** became a turning point that connect european markets directly with India and allowed for direct trade
 * 17) Vasco de Gama set out for India and reached in 1498,
 * 18) There was opposition from the Muslims, and there was also opposing the main religion of India, Hinduism
 * 19) And then b/c the established contact with India, a ship off chart accidently went over to Brazil and there they claimed the land as their own.
 * 20) and in the time for them to seperate from the Muslim Church, religious zeal had created an intent for CC to travel to the Americas under the spanish monarchy.
 * 21) Then this new world started to appear over again thus under Amerigo Vespucci, the Americas were given their name.
 * 22) Ferdinand Magellan set sail in 1519, and travelled around the world > myth + established control of the philliphines
 * 23) Northern European Expeditions
 * 24) Then France and England started to come in to the picture, as well as Britain and Holland b/c S+P were already in riches.
 * 25) And then Britain had uprooted the Spanish as the main naval pwoer in 1533, thus in a domino effect gave other nations the courage to vie for power.
 * 26) The North settled for the northern sections of America rather than going south, going from Canada down to Mexico.
 * 27) Britain started looking at the Americas as early as 1497, hoping to gain route into India for the spices.
 * 28) Then in the 17th century they were able to colonize the eastern sector of America
 * 29) The Dutch:
 * 30) won independence from Spain, holland = vied for control of southeast asia.
 * 31) they went for australia but never found much
 * 32) Dutch Eash India Company = monopolistic trade of regions, to ammass great commercial fortunes for one's economy.
 * 33) Same goes for the British East India Company
 * 34) Ship life was hard.
 * 35) Toward a World Economy
 * 36) With the expansion of trading with the Americas, the Europeans developed a system on part to trade for new economic impacts as well as the exchange of food, disease, and people, which effectivelly went on to estbliash their own overseas empire.
 * 37) The columbian Exchange of Disease and Food
 * 38) Native Americas died in huge numbers from small pox because there were no natural immunities.
 * 39) crops were popular back home. corn + potatoes = china, + food helped the long term suviva of population pressure.
 * 40) corn and potatoes became dominent crops and became a staple
 * 41) husbandry affected the population due to the varying effects of disease control.
 * 42) The West's Commercial Outreach
 * 43) Although the europeans were the only civilization that's still in trade with the ASian continents for goods, the Muslims were started to decline. In the battle of Lepanto in 1571, muslim rivalry agaisnt the Christian kingdoms died down.
 * 44) Western Europe presented a challenge to dominating civilizations on the mainland for economic power.
 * 45) International trade was becoming more and more prominent, where Europe became this ruler of trade, and had many access points to economical advantages.
 * 46) Imbalances in World Trade
 * 47) Spain had dominated for a while, but b/c it didn't have a good banking system, it lost control.
 * 48) England, France, and holland were more firm, and made good profits b/c of manufacturing expansion
 * 49) Western europe basically took in unfinished materials and mass produced finished products in order to gain more profit.
 * 50) They used the system of merchantilism, to further their economies asa source of power
 * 51) and part of the factor that helped as well was the use of human labor.
 * 52) Europeans traded manufactured goods for slaves in Africa
 * 53) A System of internal inequality
 * 54) Even though there was this core group of civlizations expanding economic power, there was still others that were still on the prowl, such as the African lords who sold slaves and those in LAtin America who had access to silver mine.
 * 55) Also the source of human labor spread b/c of the added economic advantage
 * 56) this was important in the Americas, where the natives died from diseases.
 * 57) How Much World in the World Economy?
 * 58) It was talking about the whole world obviously.
 * 59) China gained significant impact, but was less involved that Europe
 * 60) they avoided involvement with interantional trade
 * 61) kept europeans at bay
 * 62) they kept to their old traditions rather than try to change it
 * 63) They also kept a strong role in manufactured goods, where the europeans would trade bails of silver in order to recive the amount of goods that China offered.
 * 64) In Japan, they showed more openness toward the Europeans expansion, and were already using guns in fuedal wars.
 * 65) They were though still isolated, more so than any other cilivzation with no contact other than the occasional trade with China
 * 66) India also traded with the Europeans in return for silver
 * 67) Russia had trade between it's nomadic people
 * 68) Africa was using it's slaves as a main source of profits
 * 69) The Expansionist Trend
 * 70) South America, West Indies, North America + West Africa began as dependent nations
 * 71) Britian and India started to work with internal trade rather than international
 * 72) Britain used india as their own means to merchantalism
 * 73) India = regional trade complex
 * 74) Eastern Europe, grew into international trading as well, as growers.

Colonial Expansion
 * 1) Europe = network of trade overseas in America, Africa, Asia
 * 2) The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies
 * 3) colonies = guns, horses, iron, = advantage.
 * 4) opened up population, and political disputes
 * 5) started in spain
 * 6) columbus
 * 7) 1509 search for gold = landed + established
 * 8) 1st colony = panama by vasco de balboa
 * 9) colonies = money hungry people
 * 10) formal administration = control of bureaucrats
 * 11) missionary efforts - christianize ppl
 * 12) British and French North America: Backwater colonies
 * 13) dif than latin america + caribbean
 * 14) reliiogus refuge = calvinists
 * 15) france = largesteuropean settlement
 * 16) 1755- new france = 55k
 * 17) seven years war = britain + france
 * 18) france lost under treaty of paris and gave colonies
 * 19) france = sugar islands, trading posts in africa
 * 20) Britain = canada, mississippi
 * 21) Dutch = asian
 * 22) B+F= west indian lands > NA lands
 * 23) colonies = 3 million ppl only
 * 24) large estates w/ slaves
 * 25) planter class = luxury products
 * 26) weak formal govt
 * 27) settles arrived b/c of religion, ambition, other.
 * 28) own assemblies = self government
 * 29) calvin + quaker church = assemblies
 * 30) took philosophies from europe
 * 31) john locke
 * 32) modest in cultural
 * 33) art = prim.
 * 34) no formal culture
 * 35) thoght as another extension of europe
 * 36) trade w/ china
 * 37) herbs on pacific for artifacts and tea
 * 38) GB limited economy of america
 * 39) more tax for britain only
 * 40) NA had merchant class + manufacturing
 * 41) effected by native americans
 * 42) less dense, NA groups = argricultural subsistence.
 * 43) easy to move around
 * 44) pushed west
 * 45) wars
 * 46) no meshing
 * 47) practice of slaves = dif in european counterpart
 * 48) North America and Wester Civilization
 * 49) family pattern = sim
 * 50) marry slightly early
 * 51) concern for children
 * 52) new emphasis on family affection
 * 53) used european politics + economic goals
 * 54) used western thuoght
 * 55) Africa and Asia Coastal Trading Stations
 * 56) negotiate with kings + merchants / diplomacy
 * 57) search for slaves
 * 58) cape colony plant = station to supply dutch ships for trip to Asia
 * 59) boers are farmers on large farms w/ little African population
 * 60) there were some disputes such as 1770, boer disturbed bantu farmers
 * 61) spain = admin for phillippines + cahotlic missionaries
 * 62) colonization of asia
 * 63) B + F > control india
 * 64) B had station at calcutta = more welath in ganges
 * 65) influence over govt
 * 66) france had wars + more intersted in missionary
 * 67) B+F rivals = 18th century
 * 68) warfare - 1744, 1756
 * 69) black hole ofcalcutta to rally troops
 * 70) french lost power in india
 * 71) britain almost controllled the entire subcontinent, but not all
 * 72) mughal empire still had power though weak
 * 73) colonies = general deelopment of world economy
 * 74) Impact on Western Europe
 * 75) more affect by colonial success + war
 * 76) war with france and britain, europe, india, NA
 * 77) daily life = produced sugar
 * 78) role of dentists
 * 79) trade added wealthm enhanced commericially for military + political goals
 * 80) Impact of a new world Order
 * 81) imposition of unfree labor
 * 82) world trade
 * 83) slavery
 * 84) wider trade patterns
 * 85) prospering nations
 * 86) brought more people together