Thesis+Statements

Th//e Civilizations of India and Mesopotamia both developed out of warfare for power, but the divergence between the development is the fact that India was a larger landmass thus regionalism, and religion was proper, while Mesopotamia was a smaller area making it easier for a central social and political institution.// In India and Mesopotamia, warfare and the occasional battle for sovriegnity kept reoccuring throughout both regions, which helped further develop a working central government with emphasis on political values in Mesopotamia and a developing Caste system on a conquer-base social tree with emphasis on Regional powers.
 * 1. Compare and contrast the ways civilizations developed in India and Mesopotamia**


 * 2. Compare and contrast the impact of Confucianism in China with Hinduism in India.**

Confucianism in China impacted political roles and cultural values, while Hinduism in India affected the social system and cultural atmosphere; both civilizations converge on though through the philosophies influenced by religious affinity.


 * 3. Describe the changes and continuities in the role of women in the transition from a hunter gathering life style to civilization**

From the hunter-gathering life style, women were treated with equal respect, but as time transitioned to civilization, women became more subordinate to men, with one continuity still attributed to the idea that women were "caretakers" of the children and household. Domestication for the most part had only been attributed to the later years of civilization. In comparison with the past though women were treated equally with respect to their ability to give birth. In one continuty women still had the rights under law, where no one was excused from injury.


 * 4. Compare the development of political structures in Classical China with those in Classical India**

Classical China and Classical India both had a homogenous bureucrat system to represent a larger central government, the basic divergence though lay in the more centralized government of China due to engagements in Legalism and Confucianism and a weaker centralization of government in India due to basic values of Religion and the Caste System.


 * 5. Descibre the different trading patterns China and India what factors can explain these differences**

//Trading in China was not as developed yet as India was, because for most of the earlier years China was working in stablizing itself rather because it was located in a very isolated region where its only trading companions had been India and south east Asia. India on the other hand was in the middle of everyway, being able to trade with the Middle,east directly above it, China directly east, and the Mediterrean civilizations due west.//


 * 6. In what ways were the economic foundations of the Roman and the Han Empire simliar? What were the consequences of the differences?**

Rome, who is located central to the Mediterrean Sea, established a center of trade, thus adopting more cultural values/religion; on the otherhand, Han China, located far east had been isolated by the Pacific Ocean adopted a small Silk Road, where they were able to focus more so on political and social ideaologies.

The imperial institution in Han China had been one that emphasized in keeping authority and justice, while Rome was one that emphasized in a legislative body; But besides the differences, both civilizations converge on the system of Bureuacrats/Senators and figure of Absolute authority. In both Han China and Rome, the merchant class were treated with greater respect than most peasents and mean people, but the difference between economies had been that China focused more on subsistence, and Rome had been more impacted through centralized trade. Same goes for the social systems as well, Han China possessed a clear Social System and a patriarchal society, just as Rome had, but Rome was more diverse in its classifications than China.
 * 7. Compare the institutions of imperial government in Han China to those established in Rome after Augustus.**
 * 8. Compare the social and economic organization of Rome and Han China.**
 * 9. Compare and contrast the factors that lead to, and the effects of, the collapse of ancient Rome and Han China.**

Many similar factors lead to both the collapse of Rome and Han China, such as consistent invasions by foriegn invaders, inconsistent economic decline, and epidemics, but the divergence in their collapse had been that China fell on more on external factors while there was more internal factors in Rome.

Outline of 6: **Compare the institutions of imperial government in Han China to those established in Rome after Augustus.** The imperial institution in Han China had been one that emphasized in keeping authority and justice, while Rome was one that emphasized in a legislative body; But besides the differences, both civilizations converge on the system of Bureuacrats/Senators and figure of central authority. The power in Rome went from representative democracy to a strong central figure with most power. //Han China and Rome both had large centralized empires and one figure of absolute authority to institute political insurance.// //This insurance gave rise to a dedicated governemental system dinstinctly established in both civilizations.// Rome had appointed officials, and central authoritative rule while China had a right-by-birth Emporer, local scholar representatives, and a distinct intricate central government. __Evidence:__ - 1. Roman Assemblies - could gather together an elect a new magistrate that would serve to rule the nation 2. Roman Senate - made up of aristocrats holding official positions and two consuls in which was a legislative body 3. Representatives - Assigned bureaucrats to local regions to uphold central law -Pretorian Guard to elect magistrate 4. Emporer - birthright dynastic king that had absolute decision along with military leader to sign/pass official laws //The difference between governments though was that China had been more of an authoritative governement, while Rome focused more on establishing codes of law// Imperial figures in China focused more on upholding laws than creating them, while Rome focused more so on instituting new law codes than enforcing them. __Evidence:__ 1. China's 13,000 bureaucrats were assigned to local regions to uphold laws 2. China also divided scholars into financial, justice, religious groups to gain fundamental basis. 3. China had a large army for it's use of torture and punishment system 4. Rome's senate had trivial debates over laws 5. They also focused more on rhetorical debates and persuasion over direct punishment //Imperial Government in Rome was much better suited for smaller regions, as opposed to China's one unified central government.// Rome who was located on the ever expanding Mediterrean sea was always looking to further expand it's boundaries through military conquest, while China had much less to focus on than upholding peace within. __Evidence:__ 1. Rome's many Wars, Alexander the Great, the Carthage Wars, the Punic Wars, Peloponessian etc. had all attempted to expand the border so Rome would grow and grow but hadn't focused much on peace keeping 2. Rome asked for allegiance, even from foriegn citizens, and accepted it at face values, and offered outside scholars citizenship in the aristocratic community = less allegiance for rome = diversification 3. China was large since the beggining and adopted for a longer period of time a workign governement. 4. They had divided Justice/Finance/Legislative scholars to work in one area 5. Representatives were sent to rule regions which also were appointed lesser rulers all with allegiance to the Emporer. 6. With Roman Senate, there wasn't one common direct source of authority to establish true control, besides they were mostly democratic
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thesis statement 3 topic statements 3 D/C TS 1d/c > reason explained, evidence